Siloxane polymers for soil-repellent and soil release textile finishes

ABSTRACT

FLUOROCARBON SILANES ARE COPOLYMERIZED WITH SILANES WHICH CONTAIN TWO OR MORE ALKYLENEOXY GROUPS. THE COPOLYMERS ARE USEFUL FOR APPLICATION TO FIBROUS MATERIALS TO PROVIDE BOTH SOIL REPELLENCY AND SOIL RELEASABILITY.

United States Patent US. Cl. 260-4482 B 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Fluorocarbon silanes are copolymerized with silanes which contain two or more alkyleneoxy groups. The copolymers are useful for application to fibrous materials to provide both soil repellency and soil releasability.

This is a division of our co-pending application Ser. No. 38,899, filed May 19, 1970, now Pat. 3,639,156.

A non-exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the invention herein described, throughout the world for all purposes of the United States Government, with the power to grant sublicenses for such purposes, is hereby granted to the Government of the United States of America.

This invention relates to and has among its objects the provision of novel polymers which are particularly useful for imparting soil-repellent and soil-release properties to fibrous materials. The objects of the invention also include procedures for treating fibrous materials with the polymers, and the treated materials as new articles of manufacture. Further objects of the invention will be evident from the following description wherein parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.

It is not generally realized that maintaining textiles in a clean state involves two diiferent properties of the textile. One is soil repellency, that is, the ability of the textile to resist staining when it is contacted with gravy, butter, grease, or other oily substances. The other is soil releasability. Assuming that a textile has become stained, this property concerns the ease or difliculty of washing out the stains. The soil repellency and soil releasability characteristics of a given textile depend on the kind of fiber from which it is made and the kind of finishing agent which has been applied to it. Natural fibers such as cotton and wool exhibit little soil repellency, but on the other hand when they do become soiled they are readily cleaned, that is, they exhibit a high level of soil releasability. Some of the synthetics, notably polyesters, not only exhibit a low level of soil repellency but also a low level of soil releasability. Thus, the modern trend toward fabricating textiles from blends of cotton or wool with polyesters has aggravated the situation because such blends are easily soiled and the absorbed soil is difficult to wash out. The application of resins for providing durable press properties still further aggravates the soil release situation. Almost everyone has encountered a situation where a so-called wash-and-wear garment of resin-treated cotton/ polyester or wool/polyester blended material has become soiled by contact with an oily substance, and it is found that it takes repeated washings to remove the stains. In eflorts to circumvent these problems, fluorocarbon polymers have been applied to the textiles. Because of the oleophobic properties of most fluorocarbons, such treatments do enhance the soil repellence of the fabric. However, they tend to make the soil release properties even worse because the aqueous washing medium cannot properly wet the fabric, hence cannot remove stains. Another remedy has been to apply hydrophilic materials, generally polymeric, to the textiles. These generally make it easier to wash out stains, but they do not enhance the ability of the textile to resist staining when contacted with oily substances.

A particular object of the invention is to provide the means for alleviating the problems outlined above. The invention provides polymers which confer oil repellence on fabrics so that they strongly resist staining, e.g., by oily foods or the like. Concomitantly, these polymers confer soil-release properties on the fabric to which they are applied. This means that if the fabric does become stained, the stains can be readily washed out. Another advantage is that these polymers confer anti-static properties on the fabric to which they are applied.

The polymers having this desirable combination of properties are copolymerization products of at least two different monomers, one imparting oleophobic properties, the other hydrophilic properties. More specifically, the oleophobic monomer is a silane which contains a terminal perfluoroalkyl group of 3 to 18 perfluorinated carbon atoms, such group being hereinafter designated as R;. The hydrophilic monomer is a silane which contains two or more groups of the structure --Alk-O where Alk is an alkylene group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The resulting siloxane copolymers have a silicon-to-oxygen backbone, plus pendant R, groups: which provide oleophobicity, and groups of the structure --AlkO-- which provide hydrophilicity. The monomers are described further in the following paragraphs.

THE OLEOPHOBIC MONOMER Genetically, the oleophobic monomer used in accord ance with the invention has the stru-cturewherein:

R, is a perfluoroalkyl group containing 3 to 18 perfluorinated carbon atoms. This perfluoroalkyl group can be of an open-chain (acyclic) configuration, straight or branched. Alternatively, it may be of a cyclic structure such as a perfluorocyclohexyl group, or it may be a combination of acyclic and cyclic structures. Generally, the acyclic structures are preferred.

Z is a divalent bridging group linked to a carbon of R; and a carbon of (CH such as an ester (-CO,,- or SO an ether (--O, (CH ),-O, or -S-), an amine ((CH NR'-), or an amide (-CONR'- or -SO NR') group, wherein s is an integer from 1 to 6 and R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical.

R is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent halohydrocarbon radicals. Examples of R are hydrogen; an alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl, cyclohexyl, dodecyl, etc.; an aryl radical such as phenyl, tolyl, ethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, xylyl, xenyl, naphthyl, etc.; an aralkyl radical such as benzyl or 2-phenylethyl; or a halogenated hydrocarbon radical such as 2-chloroethyl, trifluoromethyl, 3 chloropropyl, 2,2,2 trifluoroethyl, 4-chloro- (or fluoro-) cyclohexyl, p-chloro- (or bromoor fiuoro-) phenyl, and the like.

Y is a member of the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, aroxy, and acyloxy. For example, Y may be a halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine; an alkoxy radical such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, cyclohexyloxy, or the like; an aroxy radical such as phenoxy, toloxy,ethylphenoxy, isopropylphenoxy,

or the like, or an acyloxy radical such as acetoxy, propionoxy, butyroxy, or the like.

a is an interger from to 1. b is an integer from 1 to 12. n is an integer from 1 to 2. p is an integer from 1 to 3. q is an integer from 0 to 2, and the sum of n, p, and

q is 4.

In the preferred compounds there is more than one hydrolyza'ble group (Y), i.e., p has the value 2 or 3.

These monomers are known in the art and described in the literature, for example, in Pats. 3,012,006, 3,422,- 131, and 3,423,234. Examples of individual monomers are given below by way of illustration, not limitation:

wherein:

m is an integer from 2 to 3, and the other symbols are as in Formula I, namely:

R is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent halohydrocarbon radicals.

Y is a member of the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, aroxy, and acyloxy.

n is an integer from 1 to 2.

p is an integer from 1 to 3.

q is an integer from 0 to 2, and the sum of n, p, and q is 4.

Examples of individual monomers in this sub-category are listed below by way of illustration, not limitation:

THE HYDROPHILIC MONOMER One category of hydrophilic monomers used in accordance with the invention has the structure HI. e

wherein:

R" is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and which may be in an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl configuration. The nature of the hydrocarbon substituent R" is of no criticality; it simply serves as an inert terminator of the alkyleneoxy chain.

Alk is an alkylene group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

x is an integer from 2 to 100.

R' is a divalent linking radical selected from the group consisting of CH -CH CH and c is an integer from 0 to 2.

d is an integer from 1 to 3, and the sum of c and d is 3.

The remaining symbols R and Y are as in Formula I, namely:

R is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent halohydrocarbon radicals.

Y is a member of the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, aroxy, and acyloxy.

In the preferred monomers, there is more than one hydrolyzable group (Y), that is, d has the value 2 or 3.

The aforesaid hydrophilic monomers may be readily prepared by conventional methods. A typical procedure is to start with a monoetherified polyalkyleneoxy glycol and convert this into the corresponding allyl (or methallyl) ether by reaction with allyl (or methallyl) bromide in the presence of a base. This intermediate is then reacted with a silane containing hydrogen attached to the silicon atom, for example, trichlorosilane, dichlorosilane, methyl dichlorosilane, or other silane of the formula wherein R, Y, c, and d are as above defined. The reaction is generally carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as chloroplatinic acid and results in addition of the silane to the unsaturated group of the allyl (0r methallyl ether). The synthesis is illustrated by the following equations:

Where it is desired to produce monomers containing an ester linkage (i.e., where R' is CO-CH(CH or CO-C(CH the synthesis is varied in the first step by esterifying the monoetherified polyethyleneoxy glycol R"O-(Alk-O) H with acryloyl (or methacryloyl) chloride. In the next step, a hydrogen-containing silane is added to the intermediate as previously described. The synthesis is illustrated by the Another category of hydrophilic monomers used in following formulas: accordance with the invention contains two silyl groups,

acryloyl chloride and has the structure R"-- Alk0-H 1 IV. R, R

R"-0-(A1k-0),o0-cH=oH,

R A 12 Yd Yd lH-Si wherein R, Y, R', Alk, x, c, and d are as defined in Formula III; c is an integer from O to 2, d is an integer from 1 to 3, and the sum of c and d is 3. R" is CHI Re analogous to R in that it is a member of the group con- R"-O'-(Alk-0 (JO-JJH-S/ sisting of -CH -CH --CH CH -CH CH -CH In the event the esterification is carried out with a 15 c 1-1i methacrylic acid derivative, the final product is and (IIHI /Ro R"-O-Alk--0- -COCH-Si In preparing the compounds shown in Formula IV the 5 same procedures are applied as aforesaid except that the starting material is a polyoxyalkylene glycol contain- Examples of mdmdual monomers are Pmvlded below ing two terminal hydroxyls. The synthesis is illustrated as by way of illustration:

Many of the polyoxyalkylene glycols available in commerce are mixtures of congeners with differing numbers of alkyleneoxy units. Such commercial mixtures are suitable as starting materials for the syntheses of the hydrophilic monomers (both those of Formula III and Formula IV). Among such mixtures are those wherein the average number of alkyleneoxy units is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, or 40, for example.

PREPARATION OF THE COPOLYME'RS The copolymers of the invention are prepared by conventional polymerizations used in preparing siloxane polymers. This involves subjecting a mixture of the oleophobic and hydrophilic monomers to hydrolysis. For example, the monomer mixture is stirred with an excess of water, and then water and by-products are removed by evaporation. A preferred technique involves dissolving the monomer mixture in a solvent such as acetone, pdioxane, tetrahydrofuran, or other volatile solvent which is at least partly miscible with water, and adding water to this solution with stirring. The reaction mixture is then subjected to evaporation, preferably under vacuum, to remove solvent, water, and by-products of the hydrolytic polymerization.

The copolymers are generally viscous liquids which are soluble in most organic solvents, particularly fluorinated solvents such as benzotrifiuoride, trichlorotrifluoroethane, 1,3-bistrifluoromethylbenzene, and the like. These polymer solutions are useful for treating fibrous materials to provide them with both soil repellency and soil releasability.

The structure of the copolymers will vary depending on the nature of the monomers selected. For example, where the monomer of Formula I is copolymerized with the monomer of Formula 111, the copolymer will contain repeating units of the structure where the hydrophilic monomer selected is according to Formula IV, the copolymer will contain repeating units as shown in Formula V and repeating units of the structure uln- As noted hereinabove, we prefer to use monomers (both oleophobic and hydrophilic) wherein each contains at least 2 hydrolyzable groups per silicyl group. Such monomers yield copolymers of greater molecular weight and which are capable of further polymerizationfor example, after they are applied to a fibrous material and subjected to a curing operation. The monomers containing a single hydrolyzable group are preferably used where it may be desired to limit the degree of polymerization and thus they may be used in conjunction with dior trifunctional monomers to act as chain stoppers.

In preparing the copolymers of the invention, the proportions of the monomers may be varied depending on such factors as the number of perfiuorinated carbon atoms in the oleophobic monomer, the number of alkyleneoxy groups in the hydrophilic monomer, and the properties desired in the copolymer. In general, the monomers are used in the ratio of about from 0.1 to 3 moles of the hydrophilic monomer per mole of the oleophobic monomer, with the proviso that the copolymer contain at least 10% fluorine by weight.

The copolymers of the invention encompass those which are prepared by copolymerization of the oleophobic and hydrophilic monomers as above described plus one or more monomers which are different from both of the basic reactants. The additional monomer may be employed to modify the mechanical properties of the copolymer without materially affecting its ability to provide soil repellency and soil releasability, or to increase the adherence of the copolymer to fibrous substrates. Typically, the additional monomer may be dior tri-functional silanes such as methyldichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, trichlorosilane, phenyldichlorosilane, trimethoxysilane, or the like.

TREATMENT OF FIBROUS SUBSTRATES The copolymers described herein are particularly useful for the treatment of fibrous materials, such as textiles, to provide them with oil-, water-, and soil-repellency and further to improve their soil or stain release character istics. In practicing this phase of the invention, a copolymer is prepared as described above and applied to the fibrous substrate. Typically, the copolymer is dispersed in a liquid carrier and in this form applied to the fibrous material. The term dispersion is used in a generic sense to include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. Where the copolymer is to be applied in the form of a solution, it is dissolved in an inert volatile solvent, e.g., benzotrifluoride, 1,3-bis-trifluoromethyl benzene, or trichlorotrifluoroethane. Alternatively, the copolymer is emulsified in Water, with the aid of a conventional emulsifying agent. In any event, the resulting dispersion is applied to the fibrous material by a conventional dip and pad technique. By varying the concentration of the copolymer in the dispersion and the degree of padding, the amount of copolymer deposited on the material may be varied. Typically, the amount of copolymer may be from 0.1 to 20%, based on the weight of fibrous material but it is obvious that higher or lower proportions can be used if desired. Usually, in treating textiles such as fabrics, the amount of copolymer is limited to about 0.1 to 5% to attain the desired repellency without interference with the hand of the textile.

After application of the copolymer dispersion, the treated fibrous substrate is subjected to a conventional curing operation in order to bond the polymer to the fibers. As an example of such treatment, the fibrous material is heated in the range of aboht 50 to 150 C. for a period of to 60 minutes. The solvent (from the copolyrner dispersion) may be evaporated in a separate step prior to curing or it may simply be evaporated during tins; nylon; polyurethane fibers; polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate; polyacrylonitrile-based fibers; or fibers of inorganic origin such as asbestos, glass, etc. The invention may be applied to textile materials which the curing operation. In this curing operation the unconare in the form of bulk fibers, filaments, yarns, threads,

5 densed or unhydrolyzed groups in the uncured copolysllvers, rovlng, top, webblng, cord, tape, woven or kmtted mer (e.g., halo, alkoxy, or aroxy groups attached to fabrics, felts or other non-woven fabrics, garments or Si) react with reactive sites in the fibers, particularly garment parts. sites which contain active hydrogen as in hydroxyl, EXAMPLES igg g &2? igggg g gg g ig t gi g gg 10 The invention is further demonstrated by the followl lain and other proteinous fibers cottoii, rayons; and mg fi i i whlch are Provlded by way of luustratlon' other cellulosic fibers; nylon, polyurethtne, and polyurea not lmltatlon' TEST METHODS fibers-contain groups of this kind and therefore are particularly suitable substrates to obtain good bonding of The Rests referred to 111 the examples were can! out the copolymer deposit. Moreover, virtually all fibrous as f ed below: materials, even inorganic products such as asbestos and 011 P Y- used was the AATCC Tfis glass fibers, contain moisture and during the curing op- Method 8- gs a e I II} 0 t0 8 with the eration this moisture promotes additional hydrolysis and sl values g y e greater reslstance t Oil p condensation of unreacted Si-bonded halo, alkoxy, or tratwn. In p r, t lp y rating 18 the higharoxy groups with the end result that additional, in situ, t-n d test hquld whlch will t w th fa ric in polymerization occurs so that the copolymer is durably Withlll f Peflod 0f 30 Seconds- The liquids and their fixed to the treated substrate. re p ndlng numbers are:

If 18 deslred to expedlte the curlng operatlon, a con- Composition ventlonal curing catalyst may be added to the polymer 1 solution before application to the fibrous substrate or the 2 65:35 and n hexadecane by VOL catalyst may be separately deposited on the substrate 3 n hexadecane before or after application of the copolymer dispersion. 4 n4etradecane. Typically, one may use such catalysts as zinc octoate, di- 5 mdodecane. butyltin diacetate or dilaurate, triethanolamine titanate, 6 mdecane, trieth'anolam-ine zirconate, zirconium acetate, zirconium 7 n octane oxychloride, zirconium or titanium esters of alkanols such 3 n heptane as tetrabutyl titarlate, zi-nc perfluorobutyrate, etc. v

Fibrous materials treated with the copolymers of the ,Stam E of the fabrlcs are stlned wlth invention display an enhanced resistance to becoming mmera} washed and rated for 5mm soiled and if they do become stained they can be readily t i to AATCC Test Method 130.1969 'i cleaned. Moreover, these advantages are attained with- Stain raged a slcale from, 5 i by cPmpanson with out detriment to other properties of the textile. In par- Stan Stam f ease repilca w ch dlsplays F ticular, the treatment does not impair the hand of the ated Senes i stams The hlghest number (5) indicates textile. In fact the hand is usually improved in that the p i-emoval ivhereas the lowest (1) mdlcates vlr ua ynosaln remova. textlle 1s softer and more supple. Another point is that the improvements rendered by the process are durablek 1? $233 35 oleophoblc monomers were prepared by they are retained despite laundering and dry-cleaning of the product. Code The invention may be utilized for improving the propdesig. enties of all types of fibrous materials, for example, paper; Mmomer nation Preparation cotton; linen; hemp; jute; ramie; sisal; cellulose acetate mmnor-o-wmn-stch A Patent3,422,131. rayons; cellulose acetate-butyrate rayons; saponified ace- OH B tate rayons; viscose rayons; cuprammonium rayons; ethyl or oF-o 0H slol cellulose; fibers prepared from amylose, alglns, or pec- E, 2 H,l}3- o1i, ,-slou 0 Patent 3,012,006- tins; wool; silk; animal hair; mohair; leather; fur; regenerated rotein fibers prepared from casein, soybean, pea- The following hydrophilic monomers were prepared P a n o nut proteins, zein, gluten, egg albumin, collagen, or keraas descrlbed ln Examples 1-5:

Code desig- Prepa- Monomer I nation ration CHr-O--CHz-CH:-0-CHr-CHr-D(CH:|)aSlCla D Ex. 1.

OHr-O-{CHrCHr-O (CH|):SlCh E Ex. 2.

(wherein g is approximately 12).

Cl:Si-(CHflr-O%CHr-CH:O -(CH:);-SiClr F Ex. 3.

CH3 CH3 E .4. @-0-{crn-om-o -cm-dH-orlr-slol, x

Z CnHu (wherein a is approximately 12).

C ll l CHa0--CH:OHa0-C-CHSiCl H Ex. 5.

11 EXAMPLE 1PREPARATION 'OF MONOMER D The following reaction scheme was carried out in the preparation of Monomer D:

Into a dry l-liter, 3-necked flask, equipped with a stirrer, N inlet, dropping funnel and condenser, was placed 200 ml. of dry p-dioxane and 48 g. of 50% active sodium hydride (1 mole NaH) dispersed in mineral oil. To this was added slowly, under N 120 g. (1 mole) of the monomethyl ether of diethylene glycol.

Following this, 1 mole of allyl bromide, diluted with 100 ml. of p-dioxane, was added dropwise with stirring. The flask was cooled with ice water during the addition as considerable heat was evolved. Sodium bromide was seen to precipitate from the mixture during the addition. After all the allyl bromide had been added, the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then filtered free from NaBr (111 g. solid obtained), and the filtrate treated by first distilling oif the dioxane at about 100 C. at atmospheric pressure and then distilling the product under vacuum. Seventy-eight grams of the allyl ether were obtained by distillation at about 73 C. at 5 mm. Hg pressure.

Monomer D was then prepared from the allyl ether as follows: Three small, dry, Pyrex tubes sealed at one end were each charged with 2.8 g. of the allyl ether, 0.05 ml. t-butyl perbenzoate, and 3.1 m1. Cl SiH. The tubes were cooled in a Dry-Ice bath, evacuated, sealed, and placed in a steam bath overnight. The contents of the tubes were then combined and distilled under vacuum to yield 10.4 g. of Monomer D, 'B.P. 115116 C. at approximately 1 mm. Hg.

EXAMPLE 2PREPARATION OF MONOMER E CH O-- CH -(M 0) (CH SiCl (g is approximately 12) This monomer was prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 1, using (for the preparation of the allyl ether) the following materials:

225 g. of CH3--o-(CH -C 2)g' H (wherein g is approximately 12) 21 g. of 50% active NaI-I in mineral oil 300 ml. p-dioxane (solvent) 100 g. allyl bromide (excess) In preparing the allyl ether, the reaction mixture was heated at 80 C. for 24 hours rather than held overnight at room temperature.

In the next stage of the synthesis, the following ingre dients were placed in a dry, 60-ml., glass vessel:

23 g. of the allyl ether (0.04 mole) 0.15 ml. t-butyl perbenzoate 6.2 ml. Cl SiH (0.06 mole) The vessel was sealed and placed in a steam bath overnight. Then the liquid product was heated under reduced pressure to remove unreacted trichlorosilane. About 2.5 g. of unreacted Cl SiH was collected in a Dry-Ice trap, indicating good product conversion. Infrared analysis of 12 the product, Monomer E, did not show any vinyl absorption at 6.1 but did show bands at 13.2 and 14.4,u, which is typical of SiCl monomers.

Monomer E could be polymerized by adding it directly to water. A water-soluble product was formed which could be cured to an insoluble cross-linked rubber on removal of water and heating at 150 C. for ca. 30 minutes.

EXAMPLE 3-PREPARATION OF MONOMER F The preparation of this monomer was similar to that of Monomer D except that the di-allyl ether of triethylene glycol was first prepared and followed by the addition of two moles of trichlorosilane.

In preparing the di-allyl ether the following chemicals were employed:

84 g. of a 57% active Na'H- mineral oil dispersion 200 ml. dry dimethylformamide (solvent) 158 g. of triethylene glycol dissolved in ml. of dry dimethylformamide 2 moles of allyl bromide dissolved in 200 ml. of p-dioxane After addition of the allyl bromide, the slurry was heated with stirring overnight at 60 C. The salt was removed by filtration and the filtrate distilled. A crude product was obtained in a yield of 163 grams, B.P. C. at about 5 mm. Hg. Analysis thereof showed the desired vinyl absorption but also some residual OH which was due either to unreacted triethylene glycol or mono-allyl ether. Accordingly, the crude product was treated with increments of a high molecular weight (MW 600) aliphatic di-isocyanate (General Mills DDI) to tie up residual OH-containing products. The di-isocyanate was added slowly, and the product checked from time to time until there was no evidence of free NCO in the product. The reaction mixture was then distilled under vacuum to give the di-allyl ether product free from OH, B.P. ca. 145 C. at 5 mm. Hg.

Addition of trichlorosilane to the diallyl ether was carried out as described in the preparation of Monomers E and F, by adding 2 molar equivalents of HSiCl to the diallyl ether in the presence of t-butyl perbenzoate catalyst.

EXAMPLE 4PREPARATION OF MONOMER G (wherein g is approximately 12) Cn io EXAMPLE 5PREPARATION OF MONOMER H This monomer was prepared by first adding dropwise the monomethyl ether of diethylene glycol to a two-fold excess of acryloyl chloride held at 40 C. A nitrogen purge was maintained throughout the addition and for a half-hour after the addition had been completed. After this, excess acryloyl chloride was removed under vacuum and the acrylate distilled under vacuum to obtain an 80% yield, B.P. 7072 C. at 1.5 mm. Hg.

Trichlorosilane was added to the acrylate by heating together in a sealed tube: 0.07 mole of the acrylate, 0.2 g. of 2,6-di-t-butyl p-cresol (polymerization inhibitor), 12 ml. of HSiCl and 0.2 ml. of a 0.00014 molar solution of H PtCl -6H O in isopropanol.

EXAMPLE 6--PREPARATION OF COPOLYMERS Copolymers were generally prepared by the co-hydrolysis of a mixture of the monomers, either by adding the mixture to water with vigorous stirring or, preferably, by first dissolving the mixture in a solvent such as acetone, p-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or other solvent which is partially to completely miscible with water, then adding water to the monomer-solvent solution, and finally removing solvent under vacuum.

A. An example follows for the copolymerization of Monomers A and D: Two ml. of Monomer A was mixed with 1 ml. of Monomer D, and the mixture added to 20 ml. of tetrahydrofuran. The solution was stirred and 6 ml. of water added. After about 1 hour, the mixture was placed on a steam bath to remove solvent. Residual solvent was removed in a vacuum oven at 80 C. at 1 mm. Hg. A clear, thick, homogeneous liquid remained. This siloxane copolymer was soluble in a number of organic solvents, particularly fiuorinated solvents such as benzotrifluoride and trichlorotrifluoromethane.

The liquid polymer could be converted into an insoluble, rubbery solid by heating. For example, heating at 150 C. for 10 minutes converted a thin layer of the liquid into a rubbery solid. A true copolymer existed since a mixture of the homopolymer of A and the homopolymer of D were incompatible and formed two insoluble layers on mixing.

A series of copolymers were prepared as described in paragraph A above:

Quantity Polymer of each code monomer, desig- Monomers used in m1. nation A and D 2/1 I A and D and HS1Cls..-.. 2/0. /0. 5 II A and E 2/1 III A and F 3/1 IV B and G and A- 1/1/3 V C and H and A 0. 5/1/1 V1 Polymer 1, derived from Monomers A and D, contains recurrent units of the structures wherein g is approximately 12.

14 Polymer IV, derived from Monomers A and F, contains recurrent units of the structure shown in Formula VIII plus Polymer V, derived from Monomers A, E, and G, contains recurrent units of the structure shown in Formula VIII plus (CF CF--O-(CH --Si(CH )O cl Hio (wherein p is approximately 12) Polymer VI, derived from Monomers A, C, and H, contains recurrent units of the structure shown in 'Formula VIII plus CF --(CF CH -O-(CH SiOu and EXAMPLE 7FABRIC TREATMENT The fabrics used in the treatments were a tri-blend of wool/cotton/nylon and a tri-blend of wool/rayon/polyester.

Treatment of the fabrics with the copolymers of the invention were carried out by immersing the fabrics in a solution of the copolymer in trichlorotrifluoroethane or 1,3-bis-trifluoromethylene-benzene. In some cases the copolymer was applied as an aqueous emulsion. After immersion in the solution or emulsion, the fabrics were run through squeeze rolls to obtain a 5060% wet pick-up. The treated fabrics were then air-dried and cured in an oven at 100150 C. for 10-20 minutes. After removal from the oven and cooling to room temperature, the products were tested for oil repellency and for soil release as previously described. In some instances the fabrics, prior to application of the copolymers, were treated with dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDEU) in order to impart durable press properties and to examine the effectiveness of the copolymers in the presence of this conventional finishing agent. The durable press fabrics were prepared as follows: A 20% aqueous solution of DMDEU containing approximately 0.5% Zn (N0 catalyst and 0.2% of a non-ionic detergent was prepared. Fabrics were immersed in this solution, then squeezed to a wet pick-up of 40-50%. The fabric swatches were air-dried, pressed for one minute on a high-heat (350 F.) press and then cured in an oven at 325 'F. for 15 minutes.

The following table summarizes the results of fabric treatment with the various copolymers described in Example 6. i

In certain cases, the copolymers were applied as aqueous emulsions. A typical example of emulsi'fication follows: Ten grams of copolymer III Was dissolved in 10 ml. of benzotrifluoride. To this was added 50 mg. of a commercial wetting agent ('Igepal CO-530, a nonylphenoxy polyoxyethylene glycol containing 6 ethyleneoxy groups per molecule). This solution was added slowly to ml. of water containing 50 mg. of a commercial wetting agent (Igepal 00-710, a nonylphenoxy polyoxyethylene glycol containing 12 ethyleneoxy groups per molecule) which was being stirred in a high-speed blender. The emulsion which resulted could be used as such or diluted further with water.

TABULATION OF RESULTS OF FABRIC TREATMENT Cure Oil repelleney Copolymer code No. and conditions Stain concentration in solution or temp., C./ Before After release emulsion time, min. Fabric 1 washing washing rating I, 2% solution 110/10 W/C/N and DMDEU.. 3 2 5 I, 2% solution 110/20 W/G/N and DMDEU--- 3 2 5 II, 2% solution 110/20 W/R/P and DMDEU-.- 5 4 5 III, 3% emulsion 120/15 W/C/N 3 2 5 IV, 3% solution.. 110/30 W/C/N 2 2 4 V 1% solution.-. 150/3 W R P 2 1 4 vi, 3% solution 120 10 W/R/P and DMDEU-.- s a 4 None. W/C/N and DMDEU--- O 2.5 Do W/CIN 0 0 3. 0 Do W/R/P 0 0 2.0 Do W/R/P and DMDEU-.- 0 0 1. 0

l W/O/N=woo1/cotton/nylon, W/R/P=wool/rayon/polyester, DMDEU=dimethy1ol dihydroxyethylene urea.

tHereinabove we have described a series of hydrophilic monomers. These compounds may be formed into homopolymers by applying conventional hydrolytic polymerization techniques such as those described above. We have observed that these homopolymers may be applied to fibrous materials to improve their soil release properties, however, the results are not as good as those obtained by application of the aforesaid copolymers with olephobic monomers. Of course, the homopolymers do not provide any resistance to oily staining. Taking these items into consideration, the homopolymers of the hydrophilic monomers are useful in situations where it is desired to render a fibrous material hydrophilic. They also exert a softening effect on the substrate so that they are also useful for that purpose. In a practice of this aspect of the invention, the homopolymers are applied to the fibrous substrate in the same manner as described above in connection with the copolymers, and subjected to the same curing step. The following examples illustrate the preparation of the homopolymers and their application to textile materials.

EXAMPLE 8--POLYMERIZATION OF MONOM'ER D A 2-ml. sample of Monomer D was slowly added to 20 ml. of water. Heat was evolved during the addition. A somewhat cloudy solution resulted after completion of the addition.

A portion of the solution was placed on a glass evaporating dish and the water allowed to evaporate. A viscous polymeric siloxane was thus formed. Heating of this viscous polymer at 150 C. for 15 minutes gave a clear, rubbery, water-iusoluble film.

EXAMPLE 9POLYMERIZATION OF MON OMER E This monomer was polymerized by adding 1 ml. of water to ml. of the monomer dissolved in 25 ml. of tetrahydrofuran. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, the solvent was removed under vacuum, leaving a thick water-soluble fluid polymer. This product could also be converted to a cross-linked, rubbery, waterinsoluble film by heating above 100 C.

EXAMPLE 10TREATMENT OF TEXTILE The textile used in the following tests was a tri-blend fabric of wool/rayon/polyester which had been given a durable press treatment as follows: The fabric was immersed in a 20% aqueous solution of dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea containing 0.5% zinc nitrate catalyst and 0.2% of a non-ionic detergent. Following this the fabric was squeezed in a pad roll to a 60% wet pick-up, air-dried, pressed for 1 minute in a hot head press (350 F.), then oven-cured at 325 F. for minutes.

An aqueous solution of polymerized Monomer E was prepared by adding 5 ml. of the monomer to 95 ml. of water. After the addition, the solution was brought to neutrality by adding 1 N sodium hydroxide. A swatch of the fabric was immersed in this solution, squeezed to 60% Wet pick-up, air dried, and cured in an oven at 300 F. for 5 minutes.

The treated fabric and, as a control, a swatch of fabric which had not been treated with the polymer were then tested for stain releasability. To this end, the swatches were stained with mineral oil, washed, and rated for stain release according to AATCC Test Method l301969. Residual stain is rated on a scale from 5 to l by comparison with a standard stain-release replica which displays a graduated series of stains. The highest number (5) indicates complete stain removal whereas the lowest (1) indicates virtually no stain removal.

The results obtained were as follows: The sample treated with the polymer had a stain-release rating of 4, whereas the control had a rating of 1.5.

Having thus described our invention, we claim:

1. A silane of the structure R" is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms,

Alk is an alkylene group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

as is an integer from 2 to 100,

L is H or CH;,,

Y is a member of the group consisting of halogen,

alkoxy, aroxy, and acyloxy,

R is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent halo-hydrocarbon radicals,

c is an integar from 0 to 2,

d is an integer from 1 to 3, and

the sum of c and d is 3.

2. A silane of the structure R" is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms,

x is an integer from 2 to 100,

L is H or CH and Alk is a lower alkyl radical.

3. A silane of the structure R" is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms,

x is an integer from 2 to 100, and

L is H or CH 17 18 4. A silane of the structure each Alk is a lower alkyl radical,

3 each L is H or CH and I x is an integer from 2 to 100. /si c cO O QAIk O7:CO Si\ 6. A silane of the structure Y4 L 1; Ya 5 wherein:

each R is a member of the group consisting of hyon, 0H, drogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and monovalent halo-hydrocarbon radicals, i 00 0 O Co (I; slob each L is H or CH,

each Y is a member of the group consisting of halogen,

alkoxy, aroxy, and acyloxy, Alk is an alkylene radical containing 2 to 6 carbon wherein:

atoms, each L is H or CH and x is an integer from 2 to 100, x is an integer from 2 to 100. c is an integer from 0 to 2, d is an integer from 1 to 3, References Cited the sum of c and d Is 3, UNITED STATES PATENTS c is an integer from 0 to 2 is an integer from 1 and h sum f and Schrmdt et a1. B

is 2,991,301 7/1961 Schmidt 260-4482 R i the Structure H k JAMES E. 'POER, Primary Examiner A c i f C P. F. SHAVER, Assistant Examiner Si- O O--0(CH2CHa-0/ (10- S1\ cfi i 1!. on US. 01. X.R.

wherein: 117-1395 CQ; 252-8.6, 8.9; 260-4488 R 

